Not knowing

Knowing or Not Knowing: Children’s Concept of ‘Having Life’

Knowledge development in children has long been investigated. Generally two main streams of thoughts have evolved. One approach suggests that knowledge is built up in a progressive manner based on some underlying principles which can be modified by experiences (Murphy & Medin, 1985). Alternatively, a pragmatic-shift approach argues that restructuring in concept structure is common in developmen...

Knowing and Not Knowing about Trauma: Implications for Therapy

Levels of awareness for trauma and their consequences for research, treatment, and prevention within professional psychology and society are considered. When people must endure chronically traumatic environments, it may be adaptive to isolate from awareness information that would produce cognitive dissonance and threaten necessary relationships. Unawareness may also facilitate functioning in en...

The Costs Of Not Knowing The Radius

We determine the increase of the maximum risk over the minimax risk in the case that the optimally robust estimator for the false radius is used. This is done by numerical solution of the implicit equations which determine optimal robustness, for location, scale, and linear regression models, and by evaluation of maximum asymptotic variance and mean square error over fixedsize symmetric contami...

The cost of not knowing the radius

Robust Statistics considers the quality of statistical decisions in the presence of deviations from the ideal model. Usually these deviations are neighborhoods of a certain size about the ideal model. We introduce a new concept of optimality if this size or radius is not (precisely) known: We determine the increase of the maximum risk over the minimax risk in the case that the optimally robust ...

The Costs Of Not Knowing The RadiusHelmut